Hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones, cov tawv nqaij dav hlau, thiab lub tsev ntaub thaiv phab ntsa, daim iav dualuminium phajtuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv "ntse tawv nqaij" uas yog cov ntiv tes tiv taus, khawb tiv taus, thiab txawm tias tsis muaj xim tom qab ua tiav qhov tsis zoo. Qhov no yog cov khawv koob ntawm aluminium nto kho technology - los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj, los yog lom neeg txhais tau tias, muaj ntau yam functional "molecular armors" yog tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm txhuas, tso cai rau cov hlau zoo tib yam rau radiate txawv tshaj plaw.
Vim li cas thiaj li tsim nyog kho qhov chaw?
Txawm hais tias txhuas lub npe hu ua "hlau uas tsis muaj xeb", nws cov yam ntxwv ntuj muaj peb qhov tsis zoo:
Corrosion prone: Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntub, aluminium reacts nrog oxygen los tsim ib txheej txheej tiv thaiv aluminium oxide, tab sis acidic los yog alkaline ib puag ncig tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntuj tsim.
Kev hnav tsis zoo: Aluminium ntshiab muaj qhov tawv ntawm HV15-20 nkaus xwb (steel muaj HV40-60), thiab khawb yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj kev sib txhuam txhua hnub.
Aesthetic kev txwv: Qhov tsis kho aluminium nto yog npub thiab tsis muaj luster, ua rau nws nyuaj kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm high-end tsim.
Cov txheej txheem kev kho deg yog tsom rau kev daws cov teeb meem no los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm 0.1-500 μ m ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhuas, ua rau nws muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li corrosion kuj, hnav tsis kam, thiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Ntau tshaj 200 lab tons ntawm txhuas tau txais kev kho mob thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo, tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua 300 billion US dollars.
Kev soj ntsuam tag nrho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis
Anodizing: Electrolysis khawv koob tsim ' armor '
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Muab cov khoom siv txhuas rau hauv sulfuric acid electrolyte thiab tsim kom muaj 10-200 μ m alumina ceramic txheej rau saum npoo tom qab tau hluav taws xob.
Technical highlights
Tsim ib lub micro nplai honeycomb qauv nrog lub hardness txog li HV300 (nce 15 zaug)
Yuav dyed rau hauv ntau tshaj 200 xim (xws li gradient xiav rau iPhone).
Ntsev tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion mus txog 2000 teev (ib txwm txhuas phaj tsuas yog 500 teev).
Cov ntaub ntawv thov
Aerospace: Boeing 787 fuselage tawv nqaij anodized kev kho mob txhim kho UV kev laus tiv thaiv peb zaug.
Lub tsev kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa: Alucobond composite vaj huam sib luag anodized zaj duab xis thickness ntawm 50 μ m, nrog lub neej ntev tshaj 50 xyoo.
Electroplating: Hla ciam teb kev koom ua ke ntawm cov hlau txheej
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Los ntawm electrochemical deposition, npib tsib xee, chromium, tin thiab lwm yam hlau txheej yog them rau saum npoo ntawm txhuas.
Innovation breakthrough:
Nanoelectroplating: Nyiv tsim cov txheej txheej ultra-thin nrog lub thickness ntawm tsuas yog 1 μ m los tswj qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb yuag substrate.
Composite electroplating: Ntxiv cov pob zeb diamond hais rau cov tshuaj plating kom nce hardness rau HV1000.
Kev hloov ib puag ncig: Cyanide dawb electroplating txheej txheem txo cov hlau hnyav emissions los ntawm 90%.
Daim ntawv thov scenarios
Automotive Cheebtsam: Tesla roj teeb tais plated nrog npib tsib xee txheej, muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub siab txog 800 ℃.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: MacBook plhaub plated nrog tooj liab txheej, thermal conductivity txhim kho los ntawm 40%.
Micro arc oxidation (MAO): ib qho "atomic furnace" rau ceramic txheej
Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem: Nyob rau hauv high voltage hluav taws xob teb, plasma paug yog tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm txhuas, tsim ib tug 10-200 μ m ceramic txheej.
Kev ua tau zoo zoo:
Hnav tsis kam: Tus hnav tus nqi qis li 5 × 10 ⁻⁷ mm ³/N · m (1/5 ntawm anodizing).
Rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo: tawg voltage mus txog 2000V / mm (10 npaug ntawm cov hlau).
Biocompatibility: kho mob tau ntawv pov thawj rau siv nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke implantation.
Daim ntawv thov Frontier:
Cov cuab yeej kho mob: Lub teb chaws Yelemees B Braun cov cuab yeej phais mob yog coated nrog MAO ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau cov kab mob tua kab mob ntawm 99.9%.
Spacecraft rwb thaiv tsev: NASA tsim Al ₂ O ∝ - TiO ₂ txheej ceramic txheej, kub resistant rau 2000 ℃.
Tshuaj hloov dua siab tshiab zaj duab xis: "invisible shield" rau ntsuab manufacturing
Technical nta: Tsis xav tau hluav taws xob, tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv hauv chav sov.
Yam txheej txheem:
Chromate hloov dua siab tshiab: Zoo heev corrosion kuj, tab sis hexavalent chromium yog carcinogenic (tso tseg los ntawm European Union).
Phosphate chromate hloov dua siab tshiab: chromium dawb thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem, tag nrho siv hauv Ford cov kab ntau lawm.
Kev kho Silane: Hloov cov ntsev hlau nrog organosilane molecules txo cov nqi kho dej khib nyiab los ntawm 70%.
Kev cuam tshuam tshiab thev naus laus zis hloov pauv
Nano txheej: molecular qib precision tiv thaiv
Lub "biomimetic lotus nplooj nyhuv" txheej tsim los ntawm Harvard University muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm 160 degree thiab cov dej ntws tawm tuaj.BASF nanoceramic txheej los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, nrog lub thickness ntawm 200nm, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb.
Kev kho tus kheej txheej: "tus kheej rov tsim dua tshiab" ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
Kansai Coatings hauv Nyij Pooj tau tsim lub microcapsule tus kheej kho qhov system uas tso tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho ntawm qhov chaw khawb, tso cai rau 24-teev kho dua tshiab.
Hefei Institute of Materials Science thiab Technology, Suav Academy ntawm Sciences, tau tsim cov txheej txheem thermally teb uas yuav kho tau thaum raug tshav kub.
Ntse xim hloov txheej: ib qho chaw uas tuaj yeem 'xav'
Gentex electrochromic iav los ntawm Ixayees, nrog lub teeb transmittance hloov los ntawm voltage (1% -80%)
Merck electronic ink technology los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees ua tiav kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv saum npoo ntawm cov ntawv txhuas.
Kev lag luam daim ntawv thov panorama
Consumer electronics: ib tug showcase ntawm precision craftsmanship
Tus ncej ntawm Huawei Mate series txais micro arc oxidation + PVD txheej, nrog lub thickness ntawm tsuas yog 0.6 hli.Lub Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra thav duab siv pob zeb diamond zoo li carbon zaj duab xis (DLC) nrog lub hardness ntawm HV900.
Lub Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob Tshiab: Ntsuas Lub Teeb thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb
BYD hniav roj teeb tais txais anodizing + epoxy cob txheej, nplaim hluav taws kub qib UL94 V-0
BMW iX chassis armor yog coated nrog ceramicized silane, uas txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 30% thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam resistant.
Architectural Curtain Wall: Technological Expression of Urban Aesthetics
Cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm Burj Khalifa hauv Dubai yog coated nrog fluorocarbon, nrog huab cua tiv taus txog li 50 xyoo.
Ntauwd crown ntawm Shanghai center Tsev siv photocatalysis nws tus kheej-tu txheej kom tshem tawm cov plua plav tom qab los nag ntxuav.
Yav Tom Ntej Trends and Challenges
Green Manufacturing Transformation
Biobased hloov dua siab tshiab tus neeg sawv cev: siv cov nroj tsuag rho tawm los hloov cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj
Kev kho cov ntshav plasma qis: kev siv hluav taws xob txo qis los ntawm 50%, tsis muaj dej pov tseg.
Multifunctional kev koom ua ke
Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm superhydrophobic, antibacterial, thiab conductive peb nyob rau hauv ib txheej
Stretchable electronic txheej: tuav conductivity txawm nrog ib tug stretching tus nqi ntawm 300%.
Kev txhim kho ntse
Sensor integrated txheej: Lub sijhawm saib xyuas cov khoom siv kev noj qab haus huv.
Lub teeb teb xim hloov txheej: yuav kho xim qhov tob raws li UV siv.
Post lub sij hawm: Apr-09-2025