Feem ntau cov neeg xav tias txhuas yog cov khoom siv rau cov thoob dej haus thiab cov thav duab qhov rai. Muaj ob peb tug neeg paub tias cov hlau no yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Txhuas muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev, tsuas yog xav tau 300,000 txog 400,000 metric tons xwb, uas yog tsawg dua 1% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv txhuas electrolytic, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv electrolytic thiab semiconductor mus rau cov khoom siv accelerator. Nws kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb uas cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev tab tom ua cov thev naus laus zis tshiab sai sai hauv xyoo tas los no.
Kev Txhais thiab Kev Ntsuas Purity
Aluminium purity siab yog txhais tias yogtxhuas nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus purityntawm 99.99% (qib 4N), deb tshaj qhov huv ntawm tus qauv lag luam 1000 series industrial pure aluminium. Hauv kev tsim khoom siv, nws tau muab faib los ntawm qib kev huv, nrog txhua qib ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv kev lag luam:
- 3N (99.9%): Kev lag luam txhuas ntshiab, siv rau kev tsim kho dav dav thiab cov busbars hluav taws xob
- 4N (99.99%): Tus qauv siab purity txhuas, qib workhorse rau electrolytic capacitor foils thiab optical coating
- 4N5 (99.995%): Nruab nrab-theem siab purity txhuas, teev rau high-end capacitors thiab sputtering target feedstock
- 5N (99.999%): Aluminium uas muaj purity siab heev, yog tus qauv rau cov semiconductor sputtering targets thiab integrated circuit interconnects.
- 6N (99.9999%): Qib hluav taws xob txhuas ntshiab, tshwj tseg rau kev tshawb fawb thiab cov khoom siv superconducting tshiab
Tsis zoo li cov txhuas txhuas txheem, tus nqi ntawm cov txhuas ntshiab siab tsis yog nyob ntawm lub zog kho tshuab. Nws tag nrho cov nqi lag luam tau los ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev tshwj xeeb uas ua rau nws muaj cov khoom tsis huv tsawg heev. Nws raug cais tawm nruj me ntsis ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, tsis yog cov khoom siv tsim kho.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Purification
Cov txhuas electrolytic txheem xav tau kev ua kom huv theem ob kom ncav cuag 4N purity thiab siab dua. Peb lub tshuab ua kom huv tseem ceeb tswj hwm kev lag luam, txhua tus muaj qhov siab sib txawv ntawm kev huv thiab cov nqi:
1. Peb txheej electrolysis: Ua tiav 4N ~ 4N5 purity nrog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas tau lees paub, tab sis siv hluav taws xob ntau. Nws tseem yog txoj hauv kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb rau qib kev lag luam siab purity txhuas, nrog rau cov nqi tsim khoom nruab nrab mus rau siab.
2. Kev ntxuav cais: Muab 4N5 ~ 5N purity nrog cov nqi tsim khoom tswj tau. Nws tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov phiaj sputtering thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob foil, muab kev sib npaug zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev lag luam.
3. Kev ua kom huv hauv cheeb tsam: Mus txog 5N ~ 6N purity, qib siab tshaj plaws uas ua tau hauv kev lag luam, tab sis muaj cov zis tsawg heev thiab cov nqi siab heev. Nws tsuas yog siv rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv purity heev.
Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb
Kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawmsiab purity txhuas qia los ntawmplaub yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev.
Ua ntej, nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity mus txog qhov txwv theoretical. Ua raws li Matthiessen txoj cai, cov impurity atoms cuam tshuam cov txhuas crystal lattice thiab tsim cov electron scattering chaw uas cuam tshuam cov tam sim no ntws. Kev ntshiab siab dua txhais tau tias cov qauv siv lead ua zoo meej dua, ua rau muaj kev hluav taws xob conductivity zoo dua. 4N qib txhuas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 98% ntawm cov theoretical conductivity ntawm txhuas ntshiab, xa cov cua sov resistive qis dua thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo dua.
Qhov thib ob, nws muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo heev. Cov txhuas ntshiab siab ua tiav cov thermal conductivity ntawm 235 ~ 240 W / (m · K), ze rau qhov siab tshaj plaws theoretical. Txij li thaum hloov pauv cua sov kuj raug rau cov khoom tsis huv, kev txhim kho purity ncaj qha txo qhov tsis kam thermal, ua rau cov khoom zoo tagnrho rau kev tswj hwm thermal siab.
Qhov thib peb, nws qhia tau tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo. Yuav luag tsis muaj cov theem ua kom muaj zog hauv nws cov qauv me me, cov txhuas ntshiab siab muaj cov yas zoo heev nrog kev ntev tshaj 40%. Nws muaj qhov ua haujlwm tawv tsawg, uas tso cai rau nws dov rau hauv cov ntawv ci nyias nyias li 5 micrometers, kwv yees li ib feem kaum ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov plaub hau tib neeg.
Qhov thib plaub, nws muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua. Cov txhuas ntshiab siab ntuj tsim cov zaj duab xis Al₂O₃ oxide ntom ntom, sib xws ntawm nws qhov chaw. Cov ntsiab lus qis dua txhais tau tias muaj qhov tsis zoo tsawg dua hauv cov txheej oxide no thiab qhov sib txawv me me ntawm kev xeb hauv zos, txhais tau tias muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm hnyav.
Cov Kev Siv Hauv Kev Lag Luam Tseem Ceeb
Cov txhuas ntshiab siab pab rau plaub lub lag luam muaj nqis siab, txhua lub muaj cov khoom siv nruj heev.
1. Cov ntawv ci capacitor electrolytic: Qhov no yog daim ntawv thov loj tshaj plaws, suav txog ntau dua 60% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv txhuas purity siab. Nws xav tau 4N ~ 5N purity, cubic texture microstructure thiab tswj tau qhov loj ntawm cov noob. Cov ntawv ci no yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv khoom, cov tshuab tswj hwm hluav taws xob tsheb tshiab, 5G chaw nres tsheb fais fab, cov hloov pauv zaus kev lag luam thiab cov photovoltaic inverters. Cov qauv cubic noob tseeb ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qhov av, ua kom muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb.
2. Kev tsim cov khoom siv semiconductor thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: Cov khoom siv semiconductor muaj kev nkag siab heev rau cov hlau uas muaj kuab paug. 5N+ txhuas ntshiab siab yog siv rau cov hom phiaj sputtering hauv cov txheej txheem vapor deposition (PVD) rau cov txheej txheem sib txuas ntawm cov chip, nrog rau cov hlau alkali impurities tswj hwm ntawm qib ppb. Nws kuj tseem siv rau cov khoom siv electrode hauv cov ntxaij lim dej acoustic nthwv dej thiab cov khoom siv fais fab, nrog rau cov khoom siv thermal conductivity siab rau kev ntim khoom siab heev.
3. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab cov khoom siv ua kom nrawm dua: Nws ua ke ntawm kev ua hluav taws xob siab, kev cuam tshuam tsis tshua muaj zog sib nqus thiab qhov tso pa tawm qis hauv qab lub tshuab nqus tsev ua rau nws tsis tseem ceeb rau cov chav nqus tsev ua kom nrawm dua, cov qauv kab hluav taws xob RF superconducting thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
4. Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag: Tom qab ua kom tiav polishing,siab purity txhuas ua tiavkev cuam tshuam siab tshaj 90% hauv lub spectrum ultraviolet thiab ntau tshaj 95% hauv lub teeb pom kev. Nws yog siv rau cov iav ultraviolet lithography tshuab tob, aerospace chaw taws teeb sensing reflectors thiab high-power laser systems.
Cov Teeb Meem Kev Txawj Ntse thiab Kev Lag Luam Outlook
Kev tsim cov txhuas uas muaj purity siab muaj peb qhov teeb meem loj heev. Qhov thib ib yog kev tswj cov khoom tsis huv heev. Rau qib 4N, hlau yuav tsum khaws cia qis dua 20 ppm, silicon qis dua 15 ppm thiab tooj liab qis dua 10 ppm; rau qib 5N+ semiconductor, cov hlau alkali xws li sodium, potassium thiab calcium yuav tsum tswj qis dua 0.1 ppm, qib ppb vim tias txawm tias cov khoom me me ua rau cov khoom siv semiconductor tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov thib ob yog kev tswj cov chaw tsim khoom huv heev, xav tau cov ntaub pua plag hauv qhov cub kom huv siab thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis cua tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug. Qhov thib peb yog tus nqi: 4N txhuas raug nqi 3 ~ 5 npaug ntawm tus qauv electrolytic txhuas, qib 5N raug nqi 10 ~ 20 npaug, thiab qib 6N tshaj 50 npaug ntawm tus nqi pib, tsav los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntau, cov khoom siv poob qis, cov txiaj ntsig qis thiab ntau kauj ruam ntxuav.
Saib mus tom ntej, peb qhov kev hloov pauv loj yuav ua rau kev ua lag luam zoo dua. Cov tsheb siv hluav taws xob tshiab thiab cov photovoltaics yuav txuas ntxiv tsav kev loj hlob ntawm 4N qib kev thov. Kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab ntxuav cais yuav maj mam hloov qee qhov peb txheej electrolysis peev xwm, txhim kho kev siv nyiaj txiag zoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev ua kom sai ntawm semiconductor localization yuav tsim kom muaj kev thov ceev ceev rau kev muab khoom hauv tsev ntawm 5N + sputtering target qib siab purity aluminium.
Ua ib lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb uas muab cov khoom siv txhuas rau kev lag luam xws li cov ntawv, cov hlau, cov raj thiab cov kev pabcuam machining precision, peb txhawb nqa cov neeg siv khoom thoob plaws hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, semiconductor thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab nrog cov khoom siv txhuas zoo thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tsim khoom. Yog tias muaj lus nug txog cov lus qhia txog txhuas purity siab lossis kev ua cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tiv tauj peb pab neeg muag khoom kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv khoom ntxaws ntxaws thiab cov lus hais tshwj xeeb.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-15-2026